2 Examples of PubMed MEDLINE format (marked in Arrowsmith as the FIELDTAG format) UI - 89116243 PMID- 2536517 DA - 19890301 DCOM- 19890301 LR - 20001218 IS - 0002-9343 VI - 86 IP - 2 DP - 1989 Feb TI - Fish-oil dietary supplementation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon: a double-blind, controlled, prospective study. PG - 158-64 AB - PURPOSE: The ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids could benefit patients with Raynaud's phenomenon because, among other effects, these fatty acids induce a favorable vascular response to ischemia. The aim of our study was to investigate, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner, the effects of fish-oil fatty-acid dietary therapy in patients with rheumatic disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon were randomly assigned to olive-oil placebo or fish-oil groups. Patients ingested 12 fish-oil capsules daily containing a total of 3.96 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 2.64 g docosahexaenoic acid or 12 olive-oil capsules and were evaluated at baseline and after six, 12, and 17 weeks. All patients ingested olive oil between Weeks 12 to 17. Digital systolic blood pressures and blood flow were measured at room air and water baths of 40 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 10 degrees C using strain gauge plethysmography. Onset of Raynaud's phenomenon was timed with a stop watch and defined as plethysmographic evidence of cessation of blood flow and blood pressure in the study finger. RESULTS: In the fish-oil group, the median time interval before the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon increased from 31.3 +/- 1.3 minutes baseline to 46.5 +/- 2.1 minutes at six weeks (p = 0.04). Patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon ingesting fish oil had the greatest increase in the time interval before the onset of the condition. Five of 11 patients (45.5 percent) with primary Raynaud's phenomenon ingesting fish oil in whom the phenomenon was induced at baseline could not be induced to develop Raynaud's at the six- or 12-week visit compared with one of nine patients (11 percent) with primary Raynaud's ingesting olive oil (p = 0.05). The mean digital systolic pressures were higher in the patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon ingesting fish oil than in patients with primary Raynaud's ingesting olive oil in the 10 degrees C water bath (+32 mm Hg, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the ingestion of fish oil improves tolerance to cold exposure and delays the onset of vasospasm in patients with primary, but not secondary, Raynaud's phenomenon. These improvements are associated with significantly increased digital systolic blood pressures in cold temperatures. AD - Division of Rheumatology, Albany Medical College, New York 12208. FAU - DiGiacomo, R A AU - DiGiacomo RA FAU - Kremer, J M AU - Kremer JM FAU - Shah, D M AU - Shah DM LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial CY - UNITED STATES TA - Am J Med JID - 0267200 RN - 0 (Placebos) RN - 1553-41-9 (5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid) RN - 25167-62-8 (Docosahexaenoic Acids) SB - AIM SB - IM MH - 5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid/*therapeutic use MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Blood Pressure MH - Clinical Trials MH - Docosahexaenoic Acids/*therapeutic use MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Fingers/blood supply MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Placebos MH - Prospective Studies MH - Raynaud's Disease/*diet therapy/etiology/physiopathology MH - Regional Blood Flow MH - Scleroderma, Systemic/complications EDAT- 1989/02/01 MHDA- 1989/02/01 00:01 PST - ppublish SO - Am J Med 1989 Feb;86(2):158-64. UI - 87091483 PMID- 3797213 DA - 19870218 DCOM- 19870218 LR - 20001218 IS - 0031-5982 VI - 30 IP - 1 DP - 1986 Autumn TI - Fish oil, Raynaud's syndrome, and undiscovered public knowledge. PG - 7-18 FAU - Swanson, D R AU - Swanson DR LA - eng PT - Journal Article CY - UNITED STATES TA - Perspect Biol Med JID - 0401132 RN - 0 (Fish Oils) SB - IM MH - Animal MH - Blood Platelets/drug effects/*physiology MH - Blood Vessels/drug effects/*physiology/physiopathology MH - Blood Viscosity/*drug effects MH - Fish Oils/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Human MH - Raynaud's Disease/diet therapy/*physiopathology MH - Vascular Diseases/*prevention & control EDAT- 1986/01/01 MHDA- 1986/01/01 00:01 PST - ppublish SO - Perspect Biol Med 1986 Autumn;30(1):7-18.